Cooling Nuclear Spins in Diamond via Dark State Spectroscopy


  Adi Pick[1]  ,  Michael Gullans[1]  ,  Emre Togan[1]  ,  Yiwen Chu[1]  ,  Mena Issler[2]  ,  Susanne Yelin[3,4]  ,  Mikhail Lukin[1,4]  
[1] Harvard University
[2] Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH-Zürich
[3] University of Connecticut
[4] ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA

Optical cooling methods in atomic physics, developed over the last half century, enable reaching temperatures as low as a few nK. These methods can be applied for cooling spin ensembles in solid state systems. We describe a method for cooling the nuclear spins of 13C impurities in diamond, via optical manipulation of the electronic spin associated with an NV- center. We present the physical mechanism which leads to optical pumping of the nuclear spin ensemble into particular nuclear states. The method relies on optically driving three electronic levels in the Λ configuration, and on using the formation of dark states under the conditions of Coherent Population Trapping, (CPT). The dynamics of the nuclear ensemble during this cooling process can be described analytically by using statistical tools, including anomalous random walk models and Levy flights. We present the theoretical results of the model and discuss some predictions for experimental signatures of Levy flights in this system.