A superconducting loop that encloses noninteger flux holds a permanent current. On the average, this current is also present above T_c, and has been measured in recent years.¹  We are able to evaluate the permanent current within the TDGL or the Kramer--Watts-Tobin models for loops of general configuration, i.e., we don't require uniform cross section, material or temperature.²  Our results agree with experiments.

The situations with which we deal at present include fluctuation superconductivity in two-band superconductors,³ metastable fluxoid states generated by quenching through T_c, and ratchet effects.

1. N. C. Koshnick et al., Science 318, 1440 (2007).

2. J. Berger, J. Phys.: Cond. Matt. 23, 225701 (2011). 

3. J. Berger and M. Milosevic, Phys. Rev. B, in press.