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Photon states encoded in polarization and picosecond time-bins
Yehuda Pilnyak , Yuval Schechter , Dean Pleban , Leonid Vidro , Pini Zilber , Lior Cohen , Daniel Istrati , Hagai S. Eisenberg
Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
A single photon has many physical degrees of freedom (DOF) that can carry quantum information. Nevertheless, only one DOF is usually used.
We introduce a qubit-qudit information system, realized by two degrees of freedom in a single photon: polarization and time. The photon arrival time is divided into d time-bins representing a qudit, while its polarization state contains an additional qubit.
The time difference between the two time-bins is created without an interferometer at the picosecond scale, which is much smaller than the detector response time.
Full two-qubit and qubit-qutrit states encoded in single photons were reconstructed using quantum state tomography (QST), both when the two DOF were entangled and when they were not, with high fidelities.