Predetermined and temporally controlled metastability in lipid-based particles


  Roy Beck [1]  ,  Guy Jacoby [1]  ,  Keren Cohen [2]  ,  Kobi Barkan [1]  ,  Yeshayahu Talmon [3]  ,  Dan Peer [2]  
[1] School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University
[2] Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University
[3] Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

The metastable-to-stable phase transition is commonly observed, in many fields of science, as an uncontrolled independent process, highly sensitive to microscopic fluctuations. In particular, self-assembled lipid suspensions exhibit such phase-transitions. However, the driving mechanisms and dynamics are often not well understood. Here we describe a study of the phase transition dynamics of lipid-based particles exhibiting a unique metastable liquid-crystal to stable crystalline phase transition upon cooling from 60°C to 37°C. Surprisingly, unlike conventional supercooling phase transitions, at 37°C recrystallization is delayed by tens of hours in a robust, predetermined and temporally controlled manner. Furthermore, we found that the delay time can be manipulated by changing lipid stoichiometry or solvent salinity, adding an ionophore, or performing consecutive phase transitions. We attribute the physical mechanism responsible for the delayed nucleation to long-range forces, generating a non-independent, cooperative process, ending in a relatively abrupt phase-transition, which involves a structural reorganization of the system.