In several tokamak experiments, it was observed that disruptions were accompanied by toroidal rotation. There is a concern that this rotation may occur during ITER disruptions. It is possible that there may be a resonance between rotating toroidal perturbations and the resonant frequencies of the vacuum vessel, causing enhanced damage.  There have been several studies of toroidal rotation invoking different mechanisms of generation. Here it is shown both computationally using M3D [1] and analytically, that toroidal rotation can be produced  in an MHD model. Net toroidal angular momentum can be generated in a plasma which is not in MHD  equilibrium, in particular during disruptions and edge localized modes (ELMs). Simulations of asymmetric vertical displacement events (AVDEs)  [2] are presented showing generation of toroidal flow.  The rotation causes asymmetric wall forces to rotate a few periods during a disruption. Toroidal and poloidal rotation are also produced during ELMs [3], and may be consistent with a scaling law [4]   found for intrinsic toroidal rotation in H - mode tokamaks.
The rotation direction changes sign in different regions of the plasma, resembling zonal flow. The average toroidal velocity is considerably smaller than the peak value. In a particular disruption simulation, the rotation frequency near the end of the current quench  was
 near the critical frequency of ITER structural resonance. An analytic model of toroidal flow generation is presented, which is consistent with the simulations. Rotation can be generated in the presence of a vertical asymmetry, such as produced by a vertical displacement event (VDE), as well as a spectrum of 3D MHD perturbations with at least two  mode numbers (m,n),(m+1,n).
The analytic model gives a scaling comparable to an intrinsic toroidal flow scaling [4] observed in tokamaks.

[1] W. Park, E.V. Belova, G.Y. Fu, X. Tang, H.R. Strauss, L.E. Sugiyama,Phys. Plasmas 6,  1796 (1999).
[2]  H. Strauss, R. Paccagnella, J. Breslau, L. Sugiyama, S. Jardin, Nucl. Fusion 53, 073018 (2013).
[3] L.E. Sugiyama, H. R. Strauss, Phys. Plasmas 17, 062505 (2010).

[4] J. E. Rice, et al. Nucl. Fusion 47, 1618 (2007).