Measurement of the Proton Form Factor Ratio at Low Momentum Transfer


  Moshe Friedman, for the E08-007 Collaboration  
Racah Institute of Physics, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The proton electric and magnetic form factors are basic characteristics of the proton, which can be
associated with the Fourier transforms of the charge and magnetic current densities in the non-
relativistic limit. QCD can make rigorous predictions when the four-momentum transfer squared, Q2 , is
very large, however, in the non-perturbative regime this task is too difficult, and several
phenomenological models attempts to make predictions in this domain. Measurements of the proton
form factors were traditionally based on cross section measurements and used the Rosenbluth
separation to extract the electric and magnetic form factors. In this method, the magnetic form factor is
suppressed as Q2 decreases, and precise data at very low Q2 is not available. In the last two decades,
scattering experiments with polarized beams and targets have been used, and allow precise
measurements of the proton form factors at much lower Q2 . The second part of experiment E08-007 is
attempting to measure the proton form factor ratio at 0.01 < Q2 < 0.08 GeV2 , lower than
ever achieved by using the double-spin asymmetry technique. The experiment was conducted on
spring 2012 at Hall A of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, using a 1-2 GeV polarized
electron beam, scattering off a polarized solid ammonia target. Data analysis is currently in final stages.
Recently, inconsistencies between different measurements of the proton radius have prompted intense
theoretical and experimental activities to resolve the discrepancy. This experiment might improve our
understanding of this problem. I will describe the experimental system, and show preliminary results
and expected uncertainties.