Quantum Optics with Optically Inaccessible Spins


  Roy Shaham  ,  Or Katz  ,  Ofer Firstenberg  
Weizmann Institute of Science
Rafael Quantum Tehcnologies Center

Macroscopic quantum systems typically suffer from rapid loss of coherence via coupling to the environment. An ensemble of noble-gas nuclear spins is a unique isolated system that could maintain its coherence for many hours at room temperature and above. In our experiments, Xenon exhibits coherence time of 20 seconds, and Helium-3 exhibits coherence time of two hours. Nevertheless, this extreme isolation and the lack of optical transitions impede the coherent interfacing of noble-gas spins with other quantum systems. We show that spin-exchange collisions between noble-gas and alkali-metal atoms provide for such a quantum interface. Despite their stochastic nature, these thermal weak collisions accumulate to an efficient, controllable, and deterministic interface between the spins. Since alkali spin are optically-accessible, this interface paves the way to various quantum optics applications with the noble-gas spins. We present our theoretical and experimental results thus far, including a fully-quantum treatment of the stochastic collisional process, experimental demonstration of strong coupling, and progress towards hour-long storage of light and entanglement of noble-gas ensembles.